Today most industrial plants especially in the oil and gas, offshore, sea water desalination, power generation industries work in very critical operating conditions and require more and more the use of special alloys resistant to corrosion and high temperatures.
Our highly-skilled manpower is dedicated to producing the finest quality steel pipe, pipe fittings, meeting a wide variety of material specifications. Their knowledge and experience of metal properties, welding procedures and quality control have set the pace and standard expected by our customers world-wide.
Steel can be categorized into four basic groups based on the chemical compositions:
Carbon steel is formed when two elements, iron and carbon, is combined with carbon being used as the alloying element.
Stainless steelis more expensive than carbon and alloy steel and only accounts for a small number of steel used in the global...
Alloy steel is steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve its mechanical properties.
What Is Abrasion Resistant Steel
Some abrasion is intentional, such as sanding, grinding, and blasting. However, unintentional abrasion can lead to component failure so it is important to use the proper materials to ensure that surface wear does not lead to unanticipated breakdown of structures or parts. While steel in general has excellent resistance to abrasion, not all steels are equal.
How Does It Work?
The chemical composition of abrasion resistant steel is one of the attributes that make it more immune to wear than other types of steel. There are several alloys that can be used increase the abrasion resistance. Carbon helps block dislocations, which increases the hardness and strength of a steel. The added carbon also allows the steel to form microstructures with increased hardness when heated and quenched. There are other elements that can be added to abrasion resistant steel to increase its hardness value too. Chromium and manganese are also added to abrasion resistant steels to help reduce the negative effects caused by wear.
Heat treatment is another factor that helps the steel resist abrasion. Abrasion resistant steel must have a microstructure that allows it to have a high hardness. This is accomplished, in part, by adding the proper alloying elements. However, this alone is not enough to ensure the proper microstructure is formed. The steel must also undergo a heating and a rapid quenching process to form microstructures such as martensite and bainite which gives the steel the required high hardness values. Care must be taken when welding or heating abrasion resistant steels. If they are heated to a high enough temperature, it may have an annealing effect on the steel, causing it to lose some of its hardness and, therefore, its abrasion resistance.
What Types of Abrasion resistant pipes Are Available?
There are several different abrasion resistant steel grades. Each grade is typically made to a specific Brinell hardness value, as opposed to other steels that are made with tensile strength and toughness in mind. This is because hardness is one of the most important factors when trying to increase abrasion resistance.
Self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is used to describe a process in which the initial reagents (usually powders), when ignited, spontaneously transform into products due to the exothermitic heat of reaction.
A well-known example of SHS reaction is the thermite reaction given below:
Fe2O3 + Al → 2Fe + Al2O3
This reaction generates temperatures above the melting point of alumina and is used in the thermit welding process for joining railway lines.
Several other terminologies - such as combustion synthesis, gasless combustion or self-propagating exothermic reaction - are used to describe the process.
The types of material that can be formed using this process include metal borides, silicides, carbides, nitrides, sulphides, aluminides and oxides.
Stainless steel is one of the more standardized materials in the building and engineering industries.
| USA | Germany | CHINA | Japan | Great Britain | France | Italy | Spain | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | W.-nr. | DIN | GB | JIS | BS | EN | AFNOR | UNI | UNE | SS |
| A570.36/1015 | 1.0038/1.0401/1.1141 | RSt.37-2/C15/Ck15 | 15 | STKM12A/STKM12C/S15C | 4360 40 C/080M15 | -/32C | E24-2Ne/CC12/XC12 | -/C15,C16/C16 | -/F.111/C15K | 1311/1350/1370 |
| 1020 | 1.0402 | C22 | 20 | - | 050A20 | 2C | CC20 | C20,C21 | F.112 | 1450 |
| 1215 | 1.0736 | 9SMn36 | Y13 | - | 240M07 | 1B | S300 | CF9SMn36 | 12SMn35 | - |
| 1213 | 1.0715 | 9SMn28 | Y15 | SUM22 | 230M07 | 1A | S250 | CF9SMn8 | F.2111/11SMn28 | 1912 |
| 1025 | 1.1158 | Ck25 | 25 | S25C | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1035 | 1.0501 | C35 | 35 | - | 060A35 | - | CC35 | C35 | F.113 | 1550 |
| 1045 | 1.0503 | C45 | 45 | - | 080M46 | - | CC45 | C45 | F.114 | 1650 |
| 1039 | 1.1157 | 40Mn4 | 40Mn | - | 150M36 | 51 | 35M5 | - | - | - |
| 1335 | 1.1167 | 36Mn5 | 35Mn2 | SMn438(H) | - | - | 40M5 | - | 36Mn5 | 2120 |
| 1330 | 1.117 | 28Mn6 | 30Mn | SCMn1 | 150M28 | 14A | 20M5 | C28Mn | - | - |
| 1035 | 1.1183 | Cf35 | 35Mn | S35C | 060A35 | - | XC38TS | C36 | - | 1572 |
| 1045 | 1.1191 | Ck45 | Ck45 | S45C | 080M46 | - | XC42 | C45 | C45K | 1672 |
| 1050 | 1.1213 | Cf53 | 50 | S50C | 060A52 | - | XC48TS | C53 | - | 1674 |
| 1055 | 1.0535/1.1203 | C55/Ck55 | 55 | -/S55C | 070M55 | 9/- | -/XC55 | C55/C50 | /-C55K | 1655/- |
| 1060 | 1.0601 | C60 | 60 | - | 080A62 | 43D | CC55 | C60 | - | - |
| 1060 | 1.1221 | Ck60 | 60Mn | S58C | 080A62 | 43D | XC60 | C60 | - | 1678 |
| USA | Germany | CHINA | Japan | Great Britain | France | Italy | Spain | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | W.-nr. | DIN | GB | JIS | BS | EN | AFNOR | UNI | UNE | SS |
| No 25 B | 0.6015 | GG15 | HT150 | FC150 | Grade150 | - | Ft15 D | G15 | FG15 | 115 |
| No 30 B | 0.602 | GG20 | HT200 | FC200 | Grade220 | - | Ft20 D | G20 | - | 120 |
| No 35 B | 0.6025 | GG25 | HT250 | FC250 | Grade260 | - | Ft25 D | G25 | FG25 | 125 |
| No 45 B | 0.603 | GG30 | HT300 | FC300 | Grade300 | - | Ft30 D | G30 | FG30 | 130 |
| No 50 B | 0.6035 | GG35 | HT350 | FC350 | Grade350 | - | Ft35 D | G35 | FG35 | 135 |
| No 55 B | 0.604 | GG40 | HT400 | - | Grade400 | - | Ft40 D | - | - | 140 |
| USA | Germany | CHINA | Japan | Great Britain | France | Italy | Spain | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | W.-nr. | DIN | GB | JIS | BS | EN | AFNOR | UNI | UNE | SS |
| 403 | 1.4 | X7Cr13 | 0Cr13/1Cr12 | SUS403 | 403S17 | - | Z6C13 | X6Cr13 | F.3110 | 2301 |
| 410 | 1.4006 | X10Cr13 | 1Cr13 | SUS410 | 410S21 | 56A | Z10C14 | X12Cr13 | F.3401 | 2302 |
| 430 | 1.4016 | X8Cr17 | 1Cr17 | SUS430 | 430S15 | 60 | Z8C17 | X8Cr17 | F.3113 | 2320 |
| - | 1.4034 | X46Cr13 | 4Cr13 | SUS420J2 | 420S45 | 56D | Z40CM/Z38C13M | X40Cr14 | F.3405 | 2304 |
| 431 | 1.4057 | X22CrNi17 | 1Cr17Ni2 | SUS431 | 431S29 | 57 | Z15CNi6.02 | X16CrNi16 | F.3427 | 2321 |
| 430F | 1.4104 | X12CrMoS17 | Y1Cr17 | SUS430F | - | - | Z10CF17 | X10CrS17 | F.3117 | 2383 |
| 434 | 1.4113 | X6CrMo17 | 1Cr17Mo | SUS434 | 434S17 | - | Z8CD17.01 | X8CrMo17 | - | 2325 |
| 405 | 1.4724 | X10CrA113 | 0Cr13AI | SUS405 | 403S17 | - | Z10C13 | X10CrA112 | F.311 | - |
| 430 | 1.4742 | X10CrA118 | Cr17 | SUS430 | 430S15 | 60 | Z10CAS18 | X8Cr17 | F.3113 | - |
| EV8 | 1.4871 | X53CrMnNiN219 | 5Cr2Mn9Ni4N | SUH35 | 349S54 | - | Z52CMN21.09 | X53CrMnNiN219 | - | - |
| USA | Germany | CHINA | Japan | Great Britain | France | Italy | Spain | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | W.-nr. | DIN | GB | JIS | BS | EN | AFNOR | UNI | UNE | SS |
| 330 | 1.4864 | X12NiCrSi3616 | - | suh330 | - | - | Z12NCS35.16 | - | - | - |
| HT,HT50 | 1.4865 | G-X40NiCrSi3818 | - | sch15 | 330C11 | - | - | XG50NiCr3919 | - | - |
| USA | Germany | CHINA | Japan | Great Britain | France | Italy | Spain | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | W.-nr. | DIN | GB | JIS | BS | EN | AFNOR | UNI | UNE | SS |
| 9255 | 1.0904 | 55SI7 | 55Si2Mn | - | 250A53 | 45 | 55S7 | 55Si8 | 56Si7 | 2085 |
| ASTM52100 | 1.3505 | 100Cr6 | Gr15 45G | SUJ2 | 534A99 | 31 | 100C6 | 100Cr6 | F.131 | 2258 |
| 5015 | 1.7015 | 15Cr3 | 15Cr | SCr415(H) | 523M15 | - | 12C3 | - | - | - |
| 5140 | 1.7045 | 42Cr4 | 40Cr | SCR440 | - | - | - | - | 42Cr4 | 2245 |
| 5155 | 1.7176 | 55Cr3 | 20CrMn | SUP9(A) | 527A60 | 48 | 55C3 | - | - | - |
| 4340 | 1.6582 | 34CRNiMo6 | 40CrNiMoA | - | 817M40 | 24 | 35NCD6 | 35NiCrMo6(KB) | - | 2541 |
| 5132 | 1.7033 | 34Cr4 | 35Cr | SCr430(H) | 530A32 | 18B | 32C4 | 34Cr4(KB) | 35Cr4 | - |
| 5140 | 1.7035 | 41Cr4 | 40Cr | SCr440(H) | 530M40 | 18 | 42C4 | 41Cr4 | 42Cr4 | - |
| 5115 | 1.7131 | 16MnCr5 | 18CrMn | - | 527M20 | - | 16MC5 | 16MnCr5 | 16MnCr5 | 2511 |
| 4130 | 1.7218 | 25CrMo4 | 30CrMn | SCM420/SCM430 | 1717CDS110/708M20 | - | 25CD4 | 25CrMo4(KB) | 55Cr3 | 2225 |
| 4137/4135 | 1.722 | 34CrMo4 | 35Crmo | SCM432/SCCRM3 | 708A37 | 19B | 32CD4 | 35CrMo4 | 34CrMo4 | 2234 |
| 4140/4142 | 1.7223 | 41CrMo4 | 40CrMoA | SCM440 | 708M40 | 19A | 42CD4TS | 41CrMo4 | 42CrMo4 | 2244 |
| 4140 | 1.7225 | 42CrMo4 | 42CrMo/42CrMnMo | SCM440(H) | 708M40 | 19A | 42CD4TS | 42CrMo4 | 42CrMo4 | 2244 |
| 6150 | 1.8159 | 50CrV4 | 50CrVA | SUP10 | 735A50 | 47 | 50CV4 | 50CrV4 | 51Cr4 | 2230 |
| L3 | 1.2067 | 100Cr6 | CrV/9SiCr | - | BL3 | - | Y100C6 | - | 100Cr6 | - |
| - | 1.2419 | 105WCr6 | CrWMo | SKS31/SKS2,/SKS3 | - | - | 105WC13 | 100WCr6/107WCr5KU | 105WCr5 | 2140 |
| L6 | 1.2713 | 55NiCrMoV6 | 5CrNimo | SKT4 | BH224/5 | - | 55NCDV7 | - | F.520.S | - |
| D3/ASTM D3 | 1.208 | X210Cr12 | C12 | SKD1 | BD3 | - | Z200C12 | X210Cr13KU/X250Cr12KU | X210Cr12 | - |
| H13/ASTM H13 | 1.2344 | X40CrmoV51 | 40CrMoV5 | SKD61 | BH13 | - | Z40CDV5 | X35CrMoV05KU/X40CrMoV51KU | X40CrMoV5 | 2242 |
| A2 | 1.2363 | X100CrMoV51 | 100CrMoV5 | SKD12 | BA2 | - | Z100CDV5 | X100CrMoV51KU | X100CrMoVV5 | 2260 |
| H21 | 1.2581 | X30WCrV93 | 30WCrV9 | SKD5 | BH21 | - | Z30WCV9 | X28W09KU | X300WcrV9 | - |
| W210 | 1.2833 | 100V1 | V | SKS43 | BW2 | - | Y1105V | - | - | - |
| T4 | 1.3255 | S18-1-2-5 | W18Cr4VCo5 | SKH3 | BT4 | - | Z80WKCV | X78WCo1805KU | HS18-1-1-5 | - |
| HW3 | 1.4718 | X45CrSi93 | X45CrSi93 | SUH1 | 401S45 | 52 | Z45CS9 | X45CrSi8 | F.322 | - |
| 2722 | SKH51 | 1.3343 | M2 | SKH9 | S6/5/2 | BM2 | - | Z85WDCV | HS6-5-2-2 | F.5603 |
| 2782 | 1.3348 | S | M7 | - | 200/9/2 | - | - | - | HS2-9-2 | HS2-9-2 |
| USA | Germany | CHINA | Japan | Great Britain | France | Italy | Spain | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | W.-nr. | DIN | GB | JIS | BS | EN | AFNOR | UNI | UNE | SS |
| 304L | 1.4306 | X2CrNi1911 | 0Cr19Ni10 | SUS340L | 304S11 | - | Z2CN18.10 | X2CrNi18.11 | - | 2352 |
| 304 | 1.435 | X5CrNi189 | 0Cr18Ni9 | SUS304 | 304S11 | 58E | Z6CN18.09 | X5CrNi1810 | F.3551/F.3541/F.3504 | 2332 |
| 303 | 1.4305 | X12CrNiS188 | 1Cr18Ni9MoZr | SUS303 | 303S21 | 58M | Z10CNF18.09 | X10CrNiS18.09 | F.3508 | 2346 |
| 301 | 1.431 | X12CrNi177 | Cr17Ni7 | SUS301 | - | - | Z12CN17.07 | X12CrNi1707 | F.3517 | 2331 |
| 316 | 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo1810 | 0Cr17Ni11Mo2 | SUSU316 | 316S16 | 58J | Z6CND17.11 | X5CrNiMo1712 | F.3543 | 2347 |
| 316LN | 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN1813 | 0Cr17Ni13Mo | SUSU316LN | - | - | Z2CND17.13 | - | - | 2375 |
| 316LN | 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo1812 | 0Cr27Ni12Mo3 | SCS16/SUS316L | 316S13 | - | Z2CND17.12 | X2CrNiMo1712 | - | 2353 |
| 317L | 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo1816 | 0Cr19Ni13Mo | SUS317L | 317S12 | - | Z2CND19.15 | X2CrNiMo1816 | - | 2367 |
| 321 | 1.4541 | X10CrNiTi189 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | SUS321 | 321S12 | 58B | Z6CNT18.10 | X6CrNiTi1811 | F.3553/F.3523 | 2337 |
| 347 | 1.455 | X10CrNiNb189 | 1Cr18Ni11Nb | SUS347 | 347S17 | 58F | Z6CNNb18.10 | X6CrNiNb1811 | F.3552/F.3524 | 2338 |
| 316Ti | 1.4571 | X10CrNiMoTi1810 | Cr18Ni12Mo2T | - | 320S17 | 58J | Z6CNDT17.12 | X6CrNiMoTi1712 | F.3535 | 2350 |
| 309 | 1.4828 | X15CrNiSi2012 | 1Cr23Ni13 | SUH309 | 309S24 | - | Z15CNS20.12 | X6CrNi2520 | - | - |
| 310S | 1.4845 | S12CrNi2521 | 0Cr25Ni20 | SUH310 | 310S24 | - | Z12CN2520 | X6CrNi2520 | F.331 | 2361 |
| 321 | 1.4878 | X12CrNiti189 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | SUS321 | 321S32 | 58B,58C | Z6CNT18.12B | X6CrNiTi1811 | F.3523 | - |
| USA | Germany | CHINA | Japan | Great Britain | France | Italy | Spain | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | W.-nr. | DIN | GB | JIS | BS | EN | AFNOR | UNI | UNE | SS |
| 60-40-18 | 0.704 | GGG 40 | QT400-18 | FCD400 | SNG 420/12 | - | FCS 400-12 | GS 370-17 | FGE 38-17 | 07 17-02 |
| 80-55-06 | 0.705 | GGG 50 | QT500-7 | FCD500 | SNG 500/7 | - | FGS 500-7 | ?GS 500 | FGE 50-7 | 07 27-02 |
| - | - | GGG 60 | QT600-3 | FCD600 | SNG 600/3 | - | FGS 600-3 | - | - | 07 32-03 |
| 100-70-03 | 0.707 | GGG 70 | QT700-18 | FCD700 | SNG 700/2 | - | FGS 700-2 | GS 700-2 | FGS 70-2 | 07 37-01 |
| Steel Grade | Standard Number | Type | Chemical composition | Other | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Si | S | P | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | Other | ób | ós | δ5 | HB | ||||
| 20 | GB/T699 | Bar | 0.17-0.23 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.25 | 0.3 | Cu：0.25 | 410 | 245 | 25 | 156 | ψ%：55 | |
| 20 | GB3087 | Pipe | 0.17-0.23 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.25 | 0.3 | Cu：0.25 | 410-550 | 245 | 20 | |||
| 20 | GB/T8163 | Pipe | 0.17-0.23 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.25 | 0.3 | Cu：0.25 | 410-550 | 245 | 20 | |||
| 20 | GB9948 | Pipe | 0.17-0.24 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.25 | 0.25 | Cu：0.25 | 410-550 | 245 | 21 | Akv J:39 | ||
| 20 | GB711 | Plate | 0.17-0.24 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.04 | 0.035 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.25 | 0.25 | Cu：0.25 | 410 | 245 | 28 | |||
| 20G | GB5310 | Pipe | 0.17-0.24 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.15 | Cu：0.2；V：0.08 | 410-550 | 245 | 24 | Akv J:35 | |
| 20G | GB6479 | Pipe | 0.17-0.24 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.35-0.65 | 410-550 | 245 | 24 | ak J/cm2：49 | |||||
| 20g | GB713 | Plate | 0.2 | 0.15-0.3 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.5-0.9 | 400-530 | 245 | 26 | Akv J:27；aku J/cm2：29 | |||||
| 20R | GB6654 | Plate | 0.2 | 0.15-0.3 | 0.03 | 0.035 | 0.4-0.9 | 400-520 | 245 | 25 | Akv J:31 | |||||
| Q235A | GB3724 | Plate | 0.14-0.22 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.045 | 0.3-0.65 | 375-500 | 235 | 26 | ||||||
| Q235B | GB3724 | Plate | 0.12-0.2 | 0.3 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.3-0.7 | 375-500 | 235 | 26 | Akv J:27 | |||||
Q235 steel is a Chinese GB standard plain carbon structural steel, and divided into 4 quality grades: Q235A, Q235B, Q235C and Q235D, material density is 7.85 g/cm3, tensile strength is from 370 to 500 MPa, and yield strength is 235 MPa (tested with 16mm diameter steel bar or steel plate). “Q” is the first letter of Chinese spelling of “qu fu dian”, which means Yield Point, “235” refers to 235 MPa. The latest standard of steel Q235 is GB/T 700 – 2006.
Features and Applications
Q235 steel has good plasticity, toughness and weldability, as well as a certain strength, good cold bending performance. Q235 material is usually rolled into wire rod or round steel, square steel, flat steel, angle steel, I beam, channel steel, other sections and steel plates. These products are widely used in construction and engineering welded structures, to make steel bars or build factory buildings, high voltage transmission towers, bridges, vehicles, boilers, containers, etc., and also used as a mechanical part with less demanding performance such as less stressed rods, connecting rods, screws, nuts, ferrules, brackets, and stands, etc.
| Steel Grade | Quality Grade | C (≤) | Si (≤) | Mn (≤) | P (≤) | S (≤) | Deoxidation Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q235 | Q235A | 0.22 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.050 | Rimmed / Killed |
| Q235B | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.045 | Rimmed / Killed | |
| Q235C | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.040 | 0.040 | Killed | |
| Q235D | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | Exceptionally Killed |
| Steel Grade | Quality | Yield Strength?(≥ N/mm2) | Tensile Strength(N/mm2) | Elongation?(≥%) | Impact Test (V notch) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thickness or Dia. ? mm | Thickness or Dia. ? mm | Temp. ℃ | Absorbed Energy (Vertical, ≥J) | ||||||||||||
| ? ≤16 | 16 < ? ≤40 | 40 < ? ≤60 | 60 < ? ≤100 | 100 < ? ≤150 | 150 < ? ≤200 | ? ≤40 | 40 < ? ≤60 | 60 < ? ≤100 | 100 < ? ≤150 | 150 < ? ≤200 | |||||
| Q235 | Q235A | 235 | 225 | 215 | 205 | 195 | 185 | 370 – 500 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 21 | – | – |
| Q235B | +20 | 27 | |||||||||||||
| Q235C | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Q235D | -20 | ||||||||||||||
| Cold Bending Test 180° (B=2a) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade | Sample Orientation | Steel ? of Curve Center | |
| ≤ 60mm | > 60-100 mm | ||
| Q235 | Vertical | a | 2a |
| Horizontal | 1.5a | 2.5a | |
B= Sample Steel Width; a= Sample Diameter or Thickness.
Steel rolled with q195 and q235B grade rimmed steel, the thickness or diameter of which is not more than 25mm.
S235JRG2 and S235J2G4 are old designations in EN 10025:1993, S235JRG2 is replaced by the new designation S235JR (1.0038), and S235J2G4 replaced by S235J2 (1.0117) in EN 10025-2:2004.
| China | USA | Germany | Britain (UK) | Japan | France | ISO | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade |
| GB/T 700 | Q235A | ASTM A36/A36M; ASTM A283/A283M |
A36 steel; Grade D |
BS 970 Prat 1 | 080A15 | JIS G 3101; JIS G 3106 |
SS440; SM400A |
||||||
| GB/T 700 | Q235B | ASTM A36; ASTM A283/A283M |
A36; Grade D |
DIN EN 10025-2 | S235JR(1.0038) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) |
JIS G3101; JIS G3106 |
SS440; SM400A |
NF EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) | ||
| GB/T 700 | Q235C | ASTM A36; ASTM A283/A283M; ASTM A573/A573M |
A36; Grade D; Grade 58 |
DIN EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) |
BS EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | JIS G3106 | SM400A, SM400B |
NF EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | ISO 630-2 | S235B |
| GB/T 700 | Q235D | ASTM A36; ASTM A283M |
A36; Grade D |
DIN EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | JIS G3106 | SM400A | NF EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) |
ISO 630-2 | S235B, S235C |
Here we show the difference between Q195 vs Q215, Q235 & Q275, these steel series all belong to Chinese standard carbon structural steel, the lising below shows the difference of chemical composition and mechanical properties.
| Steel Series | Steel Grade | C? (≤) | Si (≤) | Mn (≤) | P (≤) | S (≤) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q195 | Q195 | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.035 | 0.040 |
| Q215 Series | Q215A | 0.15 | 0.35 | 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 |
| Q215B | 0.15 | 0.35 | 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.045 | |
| Q235 Series | Q235A | 0.22 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.050 |
| Q235B | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.045 | |
| Q235C | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.040 | 0.040 | |
| Q235D | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | |
| Q275 Series | Q275A | 0.24 | 0.35 | 1.50 | 0.045 | 0.050 |
| Q275B | 0.21 | 0.35 | 1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | |
| Q275C | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.50 | 0.040 | 0.040 | |
| Q275D | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.035 |
| Grade | Yield Strength | Tensile Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Q195 | 195 | 315-430 |
| Q215 | 215 | 335-450 |
| Q235 | 235 | 370-500 |
| Q275 | 275 | 410-540 |
1 N/mm2 =?1 Mpa
Tags: Q195 vs Q215, Q195 vs Q235, Q195 vs Q275
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Carbon steel pipe cooling?method varies with the material. For most kinds of steel use natural cooling to meet the requirements.
Carbon steel pipe is the most commonly and widely used in the gas project field.
The large diameter coated steel pipes are widely used in tap water, natural gas, petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, electricity, large diameter steel marine engineering field generally less than the outer diameter of the tubes 89 are collectively referred to as small-diameter steel pipe.
Carbon steel tube mechanical properties is generated in the carbon steel smelting defect smelting and casting process, such as segregation, non-metallic inclusions, porosity, shrinkage and cracks.
Carbon steel pipe anti-rust oil: it is with a high corrosion resistance and adhesion,which does not contain harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals, environmental protection and the operator's physical and mental health.
Density?is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume. The density of?carbon steel?is approximately 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lb/in3).
Improving the performance of the steel is two ways, First, adjusting the chemical composition of the steel alloying; the other is the heat treatment, heat treatment and shaping deformation combination of approaches. In the field of modern industrial technology, heat treatment to improve the performance of the steel still occupy a dominant position.
Advantages of carbon steel: smelting process is relatively simple, low cost, good pressure processing performance, good cutting performance and good mechanical properties.
Inner diameter of seamless steel pipe is more than 6.0mm and wall thickness is less than 13mm annealed seamless steel pipe material, which can be used W-B75 Webster Hardness test with very fast, easy, suitable for rapid non-destructive of the seamless steel pipe material qualified inspection.
Low carbon steel is a type of metal that has an alloying element made up of a relatively low amount of carbon. Typically, it has a carbon content that ranges between 0.05% and 0.30% and a manganese content that falls between 0.40 and 1.5%. Low carbon steel is one of the most common types of steel used for general purposes, in part because it is often less expensive than other types of steel.
Carbon steel pipe rusting
Carbon steel pipe anti-rust oil: it is with a high corrosion resistance and adhesion,which does not contain harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals, environmental protection and the operator's physical and mental health.
Brinell hardness?(HB) with a certain diameter of the steel balls or tungsten carbide balls, pressed into the pattern surface of a predetermined test force (F), after the predetermined hold time after drop test force, the diameter of the measurement sample surface indentation (L).
Steel is an alloy that mostly contains iron. But its properties can be changed to suit specific requirements by adding certain other elements.
Encountered hole problems are very common in the welding process, welding materials drying, corrosion of the base metal and welding consumables, welding process is not stable enough oil and impurities and to protect the poor will be varying degrees of blowholes.
The strip is into the welded pipe unit and by the multi-channel roll rolling, gradually rolled strip steel, formed with an opening gap round tube, adjust the amount of reduction squeeze rollers, so that the?weld gap control for carbon steel pipe?in 1 ~ 3mm, and to weld ends flush. If the gap is too large and will result in reduced proximity effect, eddy current lack of heat, poor weld joint between grain yield incomplete fusion or cracking.
Delivery standard length of carbon steel pipe, also known as user requirements length or the length of the contract, there are four provisions in the existing standards
Carbon steel internal defects is generated in the carbon steel smelting defect smelting and casting process, such as segregation, non-metallic inclusions, porosity, shrinkage and cracks.
Carbon steel tube mechanical properties is generated in the carbon steel smelting defect smelting and casting process, such as segregation, non-metallic inclusions, porosity, shrinkage and cracks.
Carbon steel defect is caused by the equipment, processes and operations in carbon steel smelting and rolling (forging) process, including scarring, cracks, residual shrinkage, layered, white point, segregation, non-metallic inclusions, such as osteoporosis and banded.
EN10025(93) S235JR(G2),S235 J0,S235J2G3,S235J2G4
For S235 steel , S means structural . 235 mean it's yield strength should be more than 235 MPa. The steel grades S235 may be supplied in qualities JR, JR(G2),J0,J2, J2G3,J2G4.
Delivery condition of S235 steel has :
Normalizing rolling (+N) : rolling process in which the final deformation is carried out in a certain temperature range leading to a material condition equivalent to that obtained after normalizing so that the specified values of the mechanical properties are retained even after normalizing.
as-rolled(+AR): delivery condition without any special rolling and/or heat treatment condition.
thermomechanical rolling: rolling process in which the final deformation is carried out in a certain temperature range leading to a material condition with certain properties which cannot be achieved or repeated by heat treatment alone.
If you are interested to know more information about S235JR(G2),S235 J0,S235J2G3, S235J2G4 steel, please contact our sales team.
Below you will find a short description and definition of each type, completed with an detailed image.
Alloy Steel pipe contains substantial quantities of elements other than carbon such as nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and limited amounts of other commonly accepted elements such as manganese, sulfur, silicon, and phosphorous.
Our team are highly trained and experienced in servicing and producing all types of steel supplies. Whether you've got a large construction project, or need parts for industrial machinery, our team of steel fabrication consultants will ensure that your project is provided with the parts you need, when you need them.
